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Traumatic Brain Injury

Likewise chosen: Acquired brain injury, TBI

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Summary

What is traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury that causes impairment to the encephalon. Information technology may happen when at that place is a blow, bump, or jolt to the caput. This is a closed head injury. A TBI tin as well happen when an object penetrates the skull. This is a penetrating injury.

Symptoms of a TBI tin can exist mild, moderate, or astringent. Concussions are a type of mild TBI. The furnishings of a concussion can sometimes be serious, but most people completely recover in time. More severe TBI can lead to serious physical and psychological symptoms, coma, and even death.

What causes traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

The main causes of TBI depend on the type of head injury:

• Some of the mutual causes of a closed head injury include
  • Falls. This is the most common cause in adults historic period 65 and older.
  • Motor vehicle crashes. This is the nigh common cause in young adults.
  • Sports injuries
  • Being struck by an object
  • Child abuse. This is the most common crusade in children under historic period 4.
  • Smash injuries due to explosions
• Some of the mutual causes of a penetrating injury include
  • Existence hitting by a bullet or shrapnel
  • Existence hit past a weapon such equally a hammer, knife, or baseball game bat
  • A caput injury that causes a bone fragment to penetrate the skull

Some accidents such every bit explosions, natural disasters, or other farthermost events can cause both airtight and penetrating TBI in the same person.

Who is at gamble for traumatic encephalon injury (TBI)?

Certain groups are at higher risk of TBI:

• Men are more than likely to get a TBI than women. They are besides more probable to have serious TBI.
• Adults aged 65 and older are at the greatest risk for being hospitalized and dying from a TBI

What are the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

The symptoms of TBI depend on the type of injury and how serious the encephalon damage is.

The symptoms of mild TBI can include:

• A brief loss of consciousness in some cases. Nevertheless, many people with mild TBI remain conscious after the injury.
• Headache
• Defoliation
• Lightheadedness
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision or tired eyes
• Ringing in the ears
• Bad taste in the rima oris
• Fatigue or languor
• A change in sleep patterns
• Behavioral or mood changes
• Trouble with retentiveness, concentration, attention, or thinking

If you have a moderate or severe TBI, yous may have those aforementioned symptoms. You may too accept other symptoms such as:

• A headache that gets worse or does not go away
• Repeated vomiting or nausea
• Convulsions or seizures
• Not being able to wake up from sleep
• Larger than normal pupil (nighttime heart) of one or both eyes. This is chosen dilation of the pupil.
• Slurred speech
• Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs
• Loss of coordination
• Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation

How is traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosed?

If you take a caput injury or other trauma that may have caused a TBI, you demand to become medical care every bit presently as possible. To make a diagnosis, your health care provider:

• Will ask nigh your symptoms and the details of your injury
• Volition do a neurologic examination
• May exercise imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI
• May use a tool such as the Glasgow coma scale to determine how severe the TBI is. This scale measures your ability to open your eyes, speak, and move.
• May practise neuropsychological tests to cheque how your brain is functioning

What are the treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

The treatments for TBI depend on many factors, including the size, severity, and location of the brain injury.

For mild TBI, the principal treatment is rest. If y'all accept a headache, yous can try taking over-the-counter pain relievers. It is important to follow your health intendance provider'south instructions for complete residual and a gradual return to your normal activities. If you showtime doing too much besides soon, information technology may take longer to recover. Contact your provider if your symptoms are not getting better or if you take new symptoms.

For moderate to severe TBI, the first affair health care providers will practice is stabilize you to foreclose further injury. They volition manage your claret pressure, bank check the pressure inside your skull, and brand sure that at that place is enough blood and oxygen getting to your encephalon.

One time you are stable, the treatments may include:

• Surgery to reduce additional damage to your brain, for example to
  • Remove hematomas (clotted blood)
  • Get rid of damaged or expressionless brain tissue
  • Repair skull fractures
  • Relieve pressure in the skull
• Medicines to treat the symptoms of TBI and to lower some of the risks associated with information technology, such as
  • Anti-anxiety medication to lessen feelings of nervousness and fear
  • Anticoagulants to forbid claret clots
  • Anticonvulsants to prevent seizures
  • Antidepressants to treat symptoms of depression and mood instability
  • Muscle relaxants to reduce muscle spasms
  • Stimulants to increase alertness and attention
• Rehabilitation therapies, which can include therapies for physical, emotional, and cerebral difficulties:
  • Concrete therapy, to build physical strength, coordination, and flexibility
  • Occupational therapy, to help yous learn or relearn how to perform daily tasks, such as getting dressed, cooking, and bathing
  • Spoken communication therapy, to assistance yous to with speech communication and other advice skills and treat swallowing disorders
  • Psychological counseling, to help y'all larn coping skills, work on relationships, and improve your emotional well-being
  • Vocational counseling, which focuses on your power to return to work and deal with workplace challenges
  • Cognitive therapy, to improve your retention, attending, perception, learning, planning, and judgment

Some people with TBI may have permanent disabilities. A TBI tin can also put you at risk for other health issues such as feet, low, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Treating these issues can ameliorate your quality of life.

Can traumatic brain injury (TBI) be prevented?

There are steps you can accept to foreclose caput injuries and TBIs:

• Ever wear your seatbelt and use machine seats and booster seats for children
• Never drive nether the influence of drugs or alcohol
• Wearable a properly plumbing fixtures helmet when riding a wheel, skateboarding, and playing sports like hockey and football
• Foreclose falls by
  • Making your house safer. For example, you can install railings on the stairs and grab bars in the tub, become rid of tripping hazards, and use window guards and stair condom gates for immature children.
  • Improving your residuum and forcefulness with regular physical activity

Showtime Here

• What Are Mutual Symptoms of Traumatic Encephalon Injury (TBI)? (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Kid Health and Human Development) Besides in Spanish

• Head Trauma: Starting time Assist (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish

• Epilepsy Tin can Follow Traumatic Brain Injury (Centers for Illness Control and Prevention)

• Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations (Merck & Co., Inc.) Besides in Spanish
• Cognitive Hypoxia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish
• Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (Mayo Foundation for Medical Pedagogy and Research) Also in Spanish
• Intracranial Hematoma (Mayo Foundation for Medical Teaching and Research) Also in Castilian
• Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (Centers for Disease Command and Prevention)

• Brain components (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

• Blood-based Biomarker Can Detect, Predict Severity of Traumatic Encephalon Injury (National Institutes of Wellness, Clinical Eye)
• Encephalon Basics: The Life and Death of a Neuron (National Plant of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Data (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

• Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
• Shaken Infant Syndrome (American Clan for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Shaken Baby Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish

• Brain injury - belch (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Chronic subdural hematoma (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• EEG (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Head injury - first aid (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Intracranial pressure monitoring (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Castilian
• Subdural hematoma (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

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Source: https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html

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